Bullying remains one of the most persistent and damaging threats to student well-being and academic success. While the association between bullying and poor academic outcomes has long been studied, recent research (2023–2025) and policy shifts sharpen our understanding of how and why bullying undermines learning—and what schools can do about it. Below is an updated review of the evidence, implications for stakeholders, and promising practices for mitigation.
Prevalence and Trends (2025 snapshot)
Before examining effects, it helps to contextualize how widespread bullying is today:
According to StopBullying.gov, about 19.2 % of students ages 12–18 (grades 6–12) reported being bullied during the 2021–22 school year. StopBullying.gov
In 2023, 26.5 % of U.S. teens (ages 13–17) said they had been cyberbullied, up from ~23.2 % in 2021.
New data from the International Trends in Mathematics and Science Study (TIMSS) show that among 4th graders who experienced bullying, 35 % scored below minimum proficiency, versus 25 % among non-bullied peers.
Moreover, recent surveys suggest an increase in bullying: some sources project a rise from ~25 % in 2023 to 35.5 % in 2025 (though methodological caution applies).
These statistics confirm that bullying—whether in person, relational (e.g. exclusion, rumor spreading), or digital—continues to affect millions of children and adolescents across settings.
Mechanisms: How
